Q: Consider the following program code:

class Out {

    int a = 5; // Adding a variable to compare with x

    int cal() {
        int x = 10;
        if (x > a) {
            return --x; // Decrements x by 1 and returns 9
        } else {
            return ++x; // Increments x by 1 and returns 11
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Out ob = new Out(); // Create an instance of the class
        int x = ob.cal(); // Call the method cal() and store the result in x
        System.out.println(x); // Print the value of x
    }
}

The above program is an example of ..  

Let's analyze the corrected Java code to determine its type:

Corrected Code:

class Out {

    int a = 5; // Adding a variable to compare with x

    int cal() {
        int x = 10;
        if (x > a) {
            return --x; // Decrements x by 1 and returns 9
        } else {
            return ++x; // Increments x by 1 and returns 11
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Out ob = new Out(); // Create an instance of the class
        int x = ob.cal(); // Call the method cal() and store the result in x
        System.out.println(x); // Print the value of x
    }
}
        

Explanation:

The method cal() performs an operation based on the class-level variable a and modifies the value of x. It returns 9 in this case, because x is greater than a.
- The method is considered an impure method because it depends on and operates based on mutable state.

Answer:

The program demonstrates an example of an Impure Method.