During the era of European colonization, Ethiopia and Liberia were the only independent polities in Africa. These two countries managed to maintain their sovereignty and were not colonized by European powers.
The percentage error in the calculated area of the square is 4.04%.
This is calculated by taking the difference between the actual area and the measured area, and then expressing it as a percentage of the actual area.
In this case, the actual area is 100cm x 100cm = 10000 cm2 and the measured area is 102cm x 102cm = 10404 cm2
The difference (10404 - 10000) = 404 cm2 which is 4.04% of the actual area.