Write the difference between Assembly language and Machine level.

Here's a breakdown of the differences between assembly language and machine language:

Machine Language:

• The lowest level of programming language:
  • Consists of raw binary instructions (0s and 1s) that the computer's CPU can directly execute.
  • Extremely difficult for humans to read and write.
• Directly executed by the hardware:
  • No need for translation or interpretation.
• Machine-specific:
  • Each type of CPU has its own unique machine language.

Assembly Language:

• A low-level programming language:
  • A symbolic representation of machine language.
  • Uses mnemonics (short, easy-to-remember words) to represent instructions and operands.
  • Still close to the hardware, but more readable for humans.
• Requires translation:
  • An assembler program is needed to translate assembly code into machine code before execution.
• Provides some abstraction:
  • Makes it easier to manage memory addresses and registers.

Key Differences:

When to Use Each:

Machine Language:

• Rarely used directly by programmers nowadays.
• May be used in specialized areas like:
  • Firmware development
  • Device drivers
  • Performance-critical code optimization

Assembly Language:

• Used when:
  • Direct hardware control is essential.
  • Code optimization for performance is critical.
  • Interfacing with hardware at a low level is required.

In general, assembly language is preferred for most low-level programming tasks due to its improved readability and maintainability compared to machine language.