What is the purpose of the __str__() method in Python?
Answer:
The __str__()
method in Python is a special method that is called by the str()
built-in function and by Python's print statement to compute the "informal" or nicely printable string representation of an object. It returns a string that represents the object.
The __str__()
method takes the self
parameter, which refers to the object whose string representation is being computed. It must return a string object.
For example, consider the following code:
class Person: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age def __str__(self): return f"{self.name}, {self.age} years old" person = Person("Alice", 30) print(person)
In this example, the Person
class defines a __str__()
method that returns a string representation of the object. The __str__()
method uses an f-string to format the name
and age
attributes of the object as a string.
When the print()
function is called with the person
object, it automatically calls the __str__()
method to compute the string representation of the object. This prints the string "Alice, 30 years old"
.
By using the __str__()
method, the Person
class can define a custom string representation for objects of the class. This makes the code more readable and makes it easier to debug and understand the behavior of the code.
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